メンタルヘルス

メンタル不調者へ対応する時の留意点

従業員がメンタル不調を訴えてきたとき、対応の仕方をひとつ間違えると、会社側とメンタル不調者とのトラブルへと発展する可能性もあります。

メンタル不調者の多くは心理的ストレスを抱えている状態なので、周囲への反応等に敏感になっています。

そこで、メンタル不調者へ対応する時のポイントをお伝えします。

メンタル不調者の心理的ストレスの理解

メンタル不調者にとって、症状、病気、今後の治療、就労などの不安などの心理的ストレスが生じ、更なる抑うつ気分や自信喪失などに繋がりやすい。

そんな心理的ストレスがある中、相談をしているという状況をまず理解するという事が大事です。

心理的ストレスの特徴

  • 長期間の病状にともなう心理ストレスはだれでも経験する
  • 心理的ストレス反応として、不安・抑うつ等が生じる
  • 不安・抑うつ等が高まると、下記のような望ましくない影響が生じる
  1. 全般的な生活の質の低下
  2. 治療意欲の低下
  3. 希望が持てず、自分で病気を治す力の低下
  4. 入院・治療期間の長期化
  5. 家族や周囲にもストレス状態が波及する
  6. 抑うつが重症化すると、自殺企図につながる場合もある

気持ちの表出

不安が増大しないためには自分自身でストレス（嫌な気持ち）を自覚し、それを言葉で表出することが大事になります。

そのためには、聞く側の受容と共感の姿勢が求められます。

メンタル不調者がきちんと気持ちを表出できると、自分の事を理解してもらえたと安心し、良い関係を築く第一歩になります。

そのためには、聞く側の受容と共感の姿勢が求められます。

聞く側の姿勢のポイント

  • メンタル不調者の言葉に耳を傾ける 批判したり、評価したりせずに受容的に接することが基本
  • 相手の気持ちや気がかりを探り、それを受け止める
  • 相手の話した言葉を言い換えて理解したことを伝える。

メンタル不調者の話を聞いているとき、「わかります。そうですね。」と言っただけではが共感してくれているとは、受け取られません。

共感的受容とは、相手が話した最後の文節を繰り返しながら、あなたの話を理解したと伝えることが必要になります。例えば「そうだったのですね。

例えば「そうだったのですね。今おっしゃった、○○という気持ちを抱えてらっしゃったんですね。話してくれてありがとうございます。」「今までそのような気持ちを誰にも言えなくて辛かったですね。」などと、最後の文節を繰り返し（オウム返し）しながら、理解したことを伝える。

そうすると相手からは「そうなんです。」など肯定的な答えが返ってくるようになります。

相手から「そうなんです。」を引き出せれば、良い関係を築けている証にもなります。

質問と応答

前途したような、相手の心理的ストレスを理解し、共感的態度で接することは重要ですが、そればかりしていては話が進みません。

会社側としては、「何か原因があるのか？」「これからどうしたいのか？」「治療等はどうなっているのか？」等聞きたい事、これから決めなければならないことが多くあります。

そんなとき、「何が問題だったのか？」「どうしてこうなったのか？」「これからどうしていくのか？」等とはっきりとした答えを迫りながら聞いたのでは、相手のストレスが増すことになります。

はじめは、オープンクエスチョンと言われる「どんなことが大変ですか？」「どんなことで困っていますか？」など、ある程度回答の自由度を保った質問をします。

それから少しずつ、具体的な質問に変えていくと、問題や解決方法がみつかりやすくなります。

質問と応答の仕方のポイント

心配なこと、困っていることをオープンクエスチョンで聞く

「心配なことは何ですか？」 「どんなことで困っていますか？」

次いで、少しずつ質問に焦点をしぼっていく（クローズドクエスチョン）

「もう少し詳しく聞かせてもらえますか？」 「問題は○○ということですか？」 「○○といった対応はどうですか？」 「○○と○○はどちらがいいですか？」自分で選択してもらう。

＜まとめ＞

メンタル不調は誰もが成る可能性があり、特別な事ではありません。体の調子が悪いように、心の調子が悪くなっている状態です。

メンタル不調者の対応を行うにあたって、少し知識を持って、共感・受容的態度で関われば、相談する側も相談を受ける方も、両方のストレスが少なく、問題点や解決策が見つけやすくなります。

シェア！

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    I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get advice from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.

    If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Many
    thanks!